#Arduino mega ocr pinout code

Read more »Īn updated firmware (January 2022) for the Microtronic Mega Emulator Version 3 from 2016is available here. Zero iff reg(d) = 0.SUBI = 7nd : reg(d) - n -> d. Zero iff reg(d) = 0.SUB = 6sd : reg(d) - reg(s) -> d. Zero iff reg(d) = 0.ADDI = 5nd n + reg(d) -> d. Zero iff reg(d) = 0.ADD = 4sd : reg(s) + reg(d) -> d. Zero iff reg(d) = 0.ANDI = 3nd : n & reg(d) -> d. Zero if reg(d) = 0.AND = 2sd : reg(s) & reg(d) -> d Carry = false. '&' is bitwise AND, '|' is bitwise OR, then there are left and right shift operations '>' and ' d. Unless indicated otherwise, flags don't change. The aux registers are denoted by 0' - F'. reg(d) denotes the content of register d (0 - F). I use the following notation: s = source register (0-F), d = destination register (0-F), n = 4 bit immediate constant (0 - F), and aa = 8 bit address (00 - FF). In the following, the 2090 ML instruction set is listed. To give a first example for 2090 ML, a simple digital 4bit counter on the LED 7segment as well as the 4 digital output LEDs looks as follows:Īddress Mnemonics OP Comment=00 MOVI 00 100 Load 0 into register 001 DISP 10 F10 Display 1 register, starting at 0 02 ADDI 10 510 Add 1 to register 003 DOT 0 FE0 Bring register 0 to output port04 GOTO 02 C01 Goto address 01 The Microtronic Instruction Set Also, there is an instruction that waits for input from the hexadecimal keypad and stores it into a register. There is 4 bit wide digital input, and a 4 bit wide output port. With regard to IO, there are instructions for displaying register content on the 6digit 7segment display. In a sense, the Microtronic implements a Harvard Architecture, with the only (write able) data memory being the register memory. The program memory is read only the only write able memory is register memory. The 2090 ML was designed under didactic and pedagogic considerations, offering high-level instructions for otherwise tedious (or impossible) to implement operations, e.g., decimal multiplication and division, hexadecimal to decimal conversion (and vice versa), real time clock, random generator, display output, etc. The original Microtronic disallowed subroutine calls from subroutines due to the lack of a stack for storing the program counter, but my emulator allows nested subroutine calls (and the stack size is adjustable). The CPU has Carry and Zero flags, and offers conditional and unconditional branching, as well as subroutines. There are instructions to swap / exchange the work and aux register sets. It has two sets of 16 universal 4 bit wide registers, 0 - F. The Microtronic program memory has 256 words of 12 bits. The emulator achieves a higher speed than the original Microtronic, but it can be throttled down with a pot.

#Arduino mega ocr pinout code

This Microtronic Emulator runs on an Arduino Mega 2560, and the interpreter and operating system / monitor program was 'reengineered' in C (I don't have the original TMS 1600 machine code of the operating system / monitor program). The original Microtronic uses a TI TMS 1600 Microcontroller, clocked at 500 kHz, and executes 2090 ML at a speed of a couple of 2090 ML instructions per second. 2090 ML is a virtual machine language, interpreted by the monitor program / operating system of the Microtronic.

It is programmed in a custom machine language, called 2090 ML in the following. The Microtronic is a very simple computer. I was asked to provide some more details about the Microtronic and its machine language. Explanation of Front Panelĭescription of the Microtronic, its CPU and Machine Language For some more details, please visit the GitHub page of this project.